International Conference on Anesthesia and Intensive Care Treatment September 12-13, 2016 San Antonio, USA

The Division of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Perioperative Pain Management utilize state of the art regional anesthesia techniques as the major component of a multimodal approach to acute pain management. . Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience (a perception) that elicits protective motor actions, and is capable of modifying species-specific behaviour, including social behaviour. Pain management is an approach to reducing pain and suffering associated with post-operative patients or patients in other medical situations.

Intensive care medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and management of life-threatening conditions requiring sophisticated organ support and invasive monitoring. Intensive care usually takes a system by system approach to treatment, rather than the SOAP (subjective, objective, analysis, plan) approach of high dependency care. This includes IC systems, drug therapy and organ support systems.

Fundamental considerations in Anesthesia are a notable addition to the physiology and pharmacology of Anesthesia which contains the observations of a practical anaesthetist and results of much original work. Generally considering the physiology of CNS, Cardiac, respiratory etc.,

Induced, reversible, controlled and loss of sensation is the general definition of Anesthesia. Anesthetic Pharmacology includes premedication, types of drugs, mainly deals about the Uptake, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of the Anesthetics. Anesthetic Pharmacology includes general reaction of drugs, muscle relaxants, and mainly about metabolism of the anesthesia.

Anaesthetists and surgeons are often faced with a child who has been recently immunized presenting for either emergency or elective surgery. The question is then raised as to whether the anesthesia or the surgery will affect the immune response of the child to the vaccine, or more seriously whether the vaccine may cause more serious adverse reactions in these circumstances.

Anesthesia Rotation provides an opportunity to develop skills and knowledge for delivering quality anesthesia care to outpatients. Approximately 60% of surgeries may be considered ambulatory, thus making it essential that anesthesiology residents understand the anesthetic management of these patients. The curriculum for this rotation covers pre-operative evaluation, preoperative preparation and premedication, anesthetic management, surgical procedures, and postoperative care. It includes surgical procedures like cardiothoracic anesthesia, Neuroanesthesia, ENT surgery etc.

Three fundamental changes have been introduced in medical education, all of particular importance to critical care medicine: (1) clinical teaching and medical practice now emphasize evidence-based medicine, (2) patient safety aspects are increasingly stressed, and (3) use of simulation in medical training is spreading rapidly. Critical care rotation is designed so residents will achieve proficiency in the recognition and management of problems encountered in the intensive care unit. This proficiency includes, but is not limited to the management of: sepsis, acute and chronic cardiac disease, acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure, hemodynamic instability, overdoses and poisonings, acute neurologic insults, acute electrolyte and endocrine emergencies, and coagulation disorders. For less common problems, residents should acquire knowledge sufficient to formulate a differential diagnosis, initiate a management plan, and request appropriate consultations. 

The situation that occurs when a patient under general anesthesia becomes aware of some or all events during surgery or a procedure, and has direct recall of those events. Because of the routine use of neuromuscular blocking agents (also called paralytics) during general anesthesia, the patient is often unable to communicate with the surgical team. Continuous monitoring of the patient means by considering the patient physiology should necessary to control risk factors of anesthesia. In some high-risk surgeries such as cardiac, trauma, and emergency caesarean deliveries, using a deep anesthetic may not be in the best interest of the patient. In these and other critical or emergency situations, awareness might not be completely avoidable. 

Anesthesia is generally safe, but complications with anesthesia can occur. Local anesthesia carries the lowest risk, and general anesthesia the highest. An allergic reaction to an anesthetic agent can be life threatening and can occur with any type of anesthesia. Drug allergies remain unknown until the substance is ingested; so many people are unaware of them.

Anesthesia information management systems are rapidly increasing both their adoption and overall functionally. It mostly deals with the evaluation, disorders and functional monitoring of the patient. This includes functional monitoring of anesthesia given patient before and after surgery. Anesthesia monitoring instruments should also be checked in between cases, ensuring that the breathing apparatus and breathing circuit are fully patent, for the safe anesthesia of patients

Current research includes with different anesthesia research institutes and centres. Following the recent researches like understanding how anesthetics act in the brain, anesthesia safety in young children, studying different case reports in Anesthesiology, alternative to Opioids for sedation and anesthesia etc., All these studies develop the strategy and reduce risk factors of the anesthesia.